
Investigación
La investigación en la Sociedad Española de Criobiología refleja nuestro compromiso con la generación de conocimiento de impacto global. En esta sección, podrás explorar nuestras publicaciones científicas, que abarcan desde estudios pioneros sobre criopreservación en plantas e invertebrados marinos hasta avances en la conservación de células, tejidos y órganos. También destacamos investigaciones sobre fertilidad en mamíferos y procesos físicos clave durante la congelación y descongelación. Cada uno de estos trabajos representa un esfuerzo colaborativo, donde confluyen especialidades científicas y tecnológicas, fortaleciendo nuestra conexión con redes de investigación internacionales y contribuyendo al progreso de la criobiología a nivel global.
PAPERS

CRIOPRESERVACIÓN VEGETAL
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D. Ballesteros, M. T. Martínez, C. Sánchez-Romero, I. A. Montalbán, E. Sales, P. Moncaleán, I. Arrillaga, y E. Corredoira. Current status of the cryopreservation of embryogenic material of woody species. Front. Plant. Sci. 14, 1337152 (2024) https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1337152
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A. S. Teixeira, M. E. González-Benito, y A. D. Molina-García. Glassy state and cryopreservation of mint shoot tips. Biotechnology Progress 29:3, 707-717 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1002/btpr.1711
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A. S. Teixeira, M. E. González-Benito, y A. D. Molina-García. Measurement of cooling and warming rates in vitrification‐based plant cryopreservation protocols. Biotechnology Progress 30:5, 1177-1184 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1002/btpr.1938
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A. S. Teixeira, M. E. González-Benito, y A. D. Molina-García. Determination of glassy state by cryo-SEM and DSC in cryopreservation of mint shoot tips by encapsulation–dehydration. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 119:269-280 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-014-0531-3

CRIOPRESERVACIÓN VERTEBRADOS ACUÁTICOS
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Hernández-Rodríguez, A., Sousa-Santos, C., Gil, F. et al. Assessment of male reproductive traits in endangered leuciscids from the Iberian Peninsula: first attempts to store gametes both at short- and long-term. Fish Physiol Biochem 50, 1931–1945 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-023-01195-4
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Asturiano, J.F., Yoshida, M., Pérez, L. et al. Cryopreservation of pufferfish sperm in small and large volumes: the effect on kinetic parameters, and fertilization and hatching rates. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-024-09912-9
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V. Gallego, S.S. Cavalcante, R.Y. Fujimoto, P.C.F. Carneiro, H.C. Azevedo, A.N. Maria. Fish sperm subpopulations: Changes after cryopreservation process and relationship with fertilization success in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Theriogenology. Vol. 87 (2017). Pags. 16-24. ISSN 0093-691X https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.08.001
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José Beirão, Myrina Boulais, Victor Gallego, Justine K. O'Brien, Silvio Peixoto, Todd R. Robeck, Elsa Cabrita. Sperm handling in aquatic animals for artificial reproduction. Theriogenology. Vol 133 (2019) Pags 161-178 ISSN 0093-691X https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.05.004
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M. Blanes-García, P. Risueño, L. Pérez, J.F. Asturiano, V. Gallego. Sperm quality parameters of Iberian toothcarp (Aphanius iberus) and Valencia toothcarp (Valencia hispanica): New conservation tools from a gamete perspective. Aquaculture. Vol 530 (2021) 735819. ISSN 0044-8486 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735819
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García-Salinas, P., Gallego, V., & Asturiano, J. F. (2021). Development of sperm cryopreservation protocols for sharks and rays: new tools for elasmobranch conservation. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, 689089 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.689089

CRIOPRESERVACIÓN INVERTEBRADOS MARINOS
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E. Paredes, J. Bellas y D. Costas. Sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) larval rearing – Culture from cryopreserved embryos. Aquaculture 437, 366-369 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.12.022
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P. Heres, J. Troncoso y E. Paredes. Long-term study on survival and development of successive generations of Mytilus galloprovincialis cryopreserved larvae. Scientific Reports 12, 13632 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17935-0
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A. Lago, y E. Paredes. Modulation of stress factors for cryopreservation of Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck 1816) larvae. Cryobiology 110, 8-17 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.01.006
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S. Campos, J. Troncoso, y E. Paredes. Ultrastructural examination of cryodamage in Paracentrotus lividus eggs during cryopreservation. Scientific Reports 14, 8691 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-57905-2

CRIOCONSERVACIÓN DE EMBRIONES Y OVOCITOS DE MAMÍFEROS
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T. García-Martínez, I. Martínez-Rodero, J. Roncero-Carol, I. Yáñez-Ortiz, A. Z. Higgins, y T. Mogas. Impact of equilibration duration combined with temperature on the outcome of bovine oocyte vitrification. Theriogenology 184, 110-123 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.02.024
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N. González-Rodríguez, I. Martínez-Rodero, J. Scherzer, S. Jung, M. Reichenbach, Y. Zablotski, C. Otzdorff, H. Zerbe, y T. Mogas. Vitrification and in-straw warming do not affect pregnancy rates of biopsied bovine embryos. Theriogenology 191, 221-230 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.07.021
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I. Martínez-Rodero, A. Salas-Huetos, J. Díaz-Muñoz, E. A. Ordóñez-León, T. García-Martínez, M. Yeste, C. O. Hidalgo, y T. Mogas. Blastocoel fluid aspiration improves vitrification outcomes and produces similar sexing results of in vitro-produced cattle embryos compared to microblade biopsy. Theriogenology 218, 142-152 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.01.042
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I. Martínez-Rodero, J. Diaz-Muñoz, A. Z. Higgins, M. López Béjar, T. Mogas, y T. García-Martínez. In silico-designed vitrification protocols: an approach to improve survival of in vitro produced-bovine embryos. Reproduction 167:6, e240036 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1530/REP-24-0036
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Mocé E, Blanch E, Tomás C, Graham JK. Use of cholesterol in sperm cryopreservation: present moment and perspectives to future. Reprod Domest Anim. 2010 Jun;45 Suppl 2:57-66. https://doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01635
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Mocé E, Tomás C, Blanch E, Graham JK. Effect of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrins on bull and goat sperm processed with fast or slow cryopreservation protocols. Animal. 2014 May;8(5):771-6. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731114000226
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Mocé E, Blanch E, Talaván A, Viudes de Castro MP. Reducing the time rabbit sperm are held at 5 °C negatively affects their fertilizing ability after cryopreservation. Theriogenology. 2014 Oct 15;82(7):1049-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.07.023
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Blanch E, Tomás C, Casares L, Gómez EA, Sansano S, Giménez I, Mocé E. Development of methods for cryopreservation of rooster sperm from the endangered breed "Gallina Valenciana de Chulilla" using low glycerol concentrations. Theriogenology. 2014 Jun;81(9):1174-80. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.01.019
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Mocé E, Blanch E, Talaván A, Viudes de Castro MP. Effect of different freezing velocities on the quality and fertilising ability of cryopreserved rabbit spermatozoa. Reprod Fertil Dev. 2015 Jun;27(5):846-51. https://doi.org/10.1071/RD14009
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Yánez-Ortiz I, Catalán J, Rodríguez-Gil JE, Miró J, Yeste M. Advances in sperm cryopreservation in farm animals: Cattle, horse, pig and sheep. Anim Reprod Sci. 2022 Nov;246:106904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106904

PROCESOS FÍSICOS DURANTE LA CRIOPRESERVACIÓN
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R. Risco, H. Elmoazzen, X. He, y M. Toner. Thermal performance of quartz capillaries for vitrification. Cryobiology 55:3, 222 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2007.08.006
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A. Olmo, R. Baena, y R. Risco. Use of a droplet nucleation analyzer in the study of water freezing kinetics under the influence of ultrasound waves. Int. J. Refrigeration 31:2, 262-269 (2008) ISSN: 0140-7007; 1879-2081
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D. Barranco, V. Cabo-Ruiz, y R. Risco. Use of capillaries for cryopreservation of Caenorhabditis elegans by vitrification. Cryobiology 113, 104585 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.104585
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A. S. Teixeira, M. Faltus, J. Zámečník, M. E. González-Benito, y A. D. Molina-García. Glass transition and heat capacity behaviors of plant vitrification solutions. Thermochimica Acta 593:43-49 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2014.08.015
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A. S. Teixeira, L. Deladino, C.F. Fernandes, M. Martino, y A. D. Molina-García. Application of Chitosan Coating on Alginate Beads for Cryopreservation Uses. Journal of Chitin and Chitosan Science 2(1), 46-54 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1166/jcc.2014.1039

CRIOPRESERVACIÓN DE CÉLULAS AISLADAS
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J. Saenz, M. Toner, y R. Risco. Comparison between ideal and nonideal solution models for single-cell cryopreservation protocols. J. Phys. Chem. B. 113:14, 4853-64 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1021/jp807274z
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M. Gallardo, M. Hebles, B. Migueles, M. Dorado, L. Aguilera, M. González, P. Piqueras, A. Lucas, L. Montero, P. Sánchez-Martín, F. Sánchez-Martín, y R. Risco. Hydroxypropyl cellulose supplementation in vitrification solutions: a prospective study with donor oocytes. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 34:3, 417-422 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-016-0841-y
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M. Gallardo, J. Saenz, y R. Risco. Human oocytes and zygotes are ready for ultra-fast vitrification after 2 minutes of exposure to standard CPA solutions. Scientific Reports 9:1, 15986 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-52014-x
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E. Tvrdá, J. Gosálvez, F. Arroyo, P. Sánchez, R. Risco, y R. Sánchez. Dynamic assessment of human sperm DNA damage III: the effect of sperm freezing techniques. Cell Tissue Bank 22:3, 379-387 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10561-020-09883-8

CRIOPRESERVACIÓN DE ÓRGANOS Y TEJIDOS
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M. Gallardo, F. Paulini, A. Corral, M. Balcerzyk, C. M. Lucci, J. Ambroise, M. Merola, L. Fernandez-Maza, R. Risco, M. M. Dolmans, y C. A. Amorim. Evaluation of a new freezing protocol containing 20% dimethyl sulphoxide concentration to cryopreserve human ovarian tissue. Reprod. Biomed. Online 37:6, 653-665 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.09.012
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E. C. R. Leonel, A. Corral, R. Risco, A. Camboni, S. R. Taboga, P. Killbride, M. Vazquez, J. Morris, M. M. Dolmans, y C. A. Amorim. Stepped vitrification technique for human ovarian tissue cryopreservation. Scientific Reports 9:1, 20008 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56585-7
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A. Olmo, P. Barroso, F. Barroso, y R. Risco. The Use of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound for the Rewarming of Cryopreserved Biological Material. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control 68:3, 599-607 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2020.3016950
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E. Alcalá, L. Encabo, F. Barroso, A. Puentes, I. Risco, y R. Risco. Sound waves for solving the problem of recrystallization in cryopreservation. Scientific Reports 13, 7603 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-34681-z
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L. Encabo, E. Alcalá, J. López-Soria, F. Barroso, C. González-Suero, J. J. Jiménez, V. Armas, I. Risco y R. Risco. HIFU Rewarming of Organs After Cold Preservation: Ex Vivo Assessment of Heart Performance in Murine Model. Transplantation 108:1, e15-17 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1097/TP.0000000000004846